UDP Packet Header Formats

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        /**
         * Set the Load Balancer header data.
         * The first four bytes go as ordered.
         * The entropy goes as a single, network byte ordered, 16-bit int.
         * The tick goes as a single, network byte ordered, 64-bit int.
         *
         * <pre>
         *  protocol 'L:8,B:8,Version:8,Protocol:8,Reserved:16,Entropy:16,Tick:64'
         *
         *  0                   1                   2                   3
         *  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
         *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         *  |       L       |       B       |    Version    |    Protocol   |
         *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         *  3               4                   5                   6
         *  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
         *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         *  |              Rsvd             |            Entropy            |
         *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         *  6                                               12
         *  4 5       ...           ...         ...         0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
         *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         *  |                                                               |
         *  +                              Tick                             +
         *  |                                                               |
         *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         * 
        *
        * @param buffer   buffer in which to write the header.
        * @param tick     unsigned 64 bit tick number used to tell the load balancer
        *                 which backend host to direct the packet to.
        * @param version  version of this software.
        * @param protocol protocol this software uses.
        * @param entropy  entropy field used to determine destination port.
        */
       static void setLbMetadata(char* buffer, uint64_t tick, int version, int protocol, int entropy) {
           *buffer     = 'L';
           *(buffer+1) = 'B';
           *(buffer+2) = version;
           *(buffer+3) = protocol;
           // Put the data in network byte order (big endian)
           *((uint16_t *)(buffer + 6)) = htons(entropy);
           *((uint64_t *)(buffer + 8)) = htonll(tick);
       }


      /**
        * <p>Set the Reassembly Header data.
        * The first 16 bits go as ordered. The dataId is put in network byte order.
        * The offset, length and tick are also put into network byte order.</p>
        * Implemented <b>without</b> using C++ bit fields.
        * This is the new, version 2, RE header.
        *
        * <pre>
        *  protocol 'Version:4, Rsvd:12, Data-ID:16, Offset:32, Length:32, Tick:64'
        *
        *  0                   1                   2                   3
        *  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
        *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        *  |Version|        Rsvd           |            Data-ID            |
        *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        *  |                         Buffer Offset                         |
        *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        *  |                         Buffer Length                         |
        *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        *  |                                                               |
        *  +                             Tick                              +
        *  |                                                               |
        *  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        * 
       *
       * @param buffer  buffer in which to write the header.
       * @param offset  byte offset into full buffer payload.
       * @param length  total length in bytes of full buffer payload.
       * @param tick    64 bit tick number used to tell the load balancer
       *                which backend host to direct the packet to. Necessary to
       *                disentangle packets from different ticks at one destination
       *                as there may be overlap in time.
       * @param version the version of this software.
       * @param dataId  the data source id number.
       */
       static void setReMetadata(char* buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t length,
                                 uint64_t tick, int version, uint16_t dataId) {
           buffer[0] = version << 4;
           *((uint16_t *)(buffer + 2))  = htons(dataId);
           *((uint32_t *)(buffer + 4))  = htonl(offset);
           *((uint32_t *)(buffer + 8))  = htonl(length);
           *((uint64_t *)(buffer + 12)) = htonll(tick);
       }